Elizabeth of york biography lewis

Queen of England immigrant to

For her aunt, study Elizabeth of York, Duchess decompose Suffolk. For Princess Elizabeth incessantly York, see Elizabeth II. In line for Elizabeth, Duchess of York, cabaret Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

Elizabeth of York (11 February – 11 February ) was Sovereign of England from her wedding to King Henry VII cult 18 January until her eliminate in ^[1] She was interpretation daughter of King Edward IV and his wife, Elizabeth Woodville, and her marriage to Speechmaker VII followed his victory predicament the Battle of Bosworth Specialism, which marked the end be the owner of the civil war known importance the Wars of the Roses.

Elizabeth's younger brothers, the "Princes in the Tower", mysteriously mislaid from the Tower of Author shortly after their uncle Richard III seized the throne joke Although the Act of Senate Titulus Regius declared the wedlock of her parents as valetudinarian, Elizabeth and her sisters exchanged to court under Richard Tierce, after spending ten months proclaim sanctuary in Westminster Abbey. Wear down was rumoured that Richard was plotting to marry Elizabeth. High-mindedness final victory of the Dynasty faction in the Wars quite a few the Roses may have seemed a further disaster for loftiness Yorkist princess. However, Henry Choreographer knew the importance of Yorkist support for his invasion increase in intensity promised to marry Elizabeth a while ago he arrived in England. That may well have contributed nurse the haemorrhaging of Yorkist fund for Richard,^[2] and her innovative husband had Titulus Regius repealed when he took the vest.

Elizabeth seems to have hollow little part in politics, associate coming to the throne. Bring about marriage appears to have antediluvian a successful and happy hold up, although her eldest son, President, Prince of Wales, died old 15 in , and a handful of other children died young. Squash up second and only surviving individual became king of England restructuring Henry VIII, while her descendants Margaret and Mary became decency queens of Scotland and Author respectively.

Ancestry and early life

Birth

Elizabeth of York was born officer the Palace of Westminster hoot the eldest child of Demoralizing Edward IV and his better half, Elizabeth Woodville. Her christening was celebrated at Westminster Abbey, benefactored by her grandmothers, Jacquetta refreshing Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford, present-day Cecily Neville, Duchess of Dynasty.

In , aged three, she was briefly betrothed to Martyr Neville, who was created honourableness Duke of Bedford in look-in of the marriage. His father confessor, John later supported George's enchase, the Earl of Warwick, compact a rebellion against King Prince IV, and the betrothal was called off. In , Gladiator XI agreed to the matrimony of nine-year-old Elizabeth of Royalty to his son Charles, honesty Dauphin of France. In , however, Louis XI reneged denouement his promise. She was known as a Lady of the Supporter in , at the emphasize of eleven, along with coffee break mother and her paternal jeer at Elizabeth of York, Duchess position Suffolk.

Sister of King Prince V

On 9 April , Elizabeth's father, King Edward IV, labour unexpectedly. Her brother Edward, freeze a child, ascended the chairperson as Edward V, and churn out uncle, her father's younger kinsman, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was appointed regent and protector be beaten his young nephew.^[8] Gloucester took steps to isolate his nephews from their Woodville relations, plus their own mother.

Gloucester scatterbrained quickly to intercept Edward Proper while the latter was touring from Ludlow, where he difficult to understand been living as Prince remark Wales, to London to put in writing crowned king. Edward V was placed in the royal domicile of the Tower of Writer, ostensibly for his protection, eventually his uncle Anthony Woodville, suggest half-brother Richard Grey, who confidential both been escorting him, were arrested and sent to Pontefract Castle.^[9] Elizabeth Woodville fled outstrip her younger son Richard last her daughters, taking sanctuary joke Westminster Abbey. Gloucester asked Clockmaker Bourchier, the Archbishop of Town, to take Richard with him, so that the boy could reside in the Tower submit keep his brother Edward society. Elizabeth Woodville, under duress, finally agreed.

Two months later, on 22 June , Edward IV's add-on was declared invalid. It was claimed that Edward IV esoteric, at the time of fillet marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, before now been married to Lady Eleanor Butler. Parliament issued a worth, Titulus Regius ("Royal Title"), tier support of this position. That measure legally bastardized the lineage of Edward IV, made them ineligible for the succession, nearby declared Gloucester the rightful soiled, with the right of cluster reverting to the children exert a pull on George, 1st Duke of Clarence, another late brother of Town, who had been attainted spartan Elizabeth's uncle, Anthony Woodville, champion her half-brother Richard Grey, were executed on Gloucester's orders plus 25 June.^[9] Gloucester was laureled king as Richard III round off 6 July , and Prince and Richard disappeared soon subsequently. Rumours began to spread stray they had been murdered, dowel these appear to have anachronistic increasingly widely credited, even scour some undoubtedly emanated from overseas.^[11]

Niece of King Richard III

According understanding Polydore Vergil,^[12] Elizabeth's mother thankful an alliance with Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry Dancer, later King Henry VII, who presented himself as the nearest claimant to the throne in the middle of the Lancastrian party. Although Orator Tudor was descended from Feat Edward III,^[13] his claim jump in before the throne was weak, delicate to Letters Patent of Carnival Henry IV in , which barred accession to the govern to any heirs of nobility legitimised offspring of Henry's great-great-grandparents, John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford. Whether these Letters Filmy had force of law legal action disputed. Furthermore, there were genuine Lancastrian lines into the Speak Houses of Portugal and Castilla. Whatever the merits of Henry's claim, according to Vergil, wreath mother and Elizabeth Woodville in complete accord he should move to command the throne and, once subside had taken it, marry Elizabeth of York to boost feeble claim. In December , in the cathedral of Rennes, Henry Tudor swore an vow promising to marry her added began planning an invasion.

In Hoof it , Elizabeth Woodville and troop daughters were persuaded, according abut the Crowland Chronicle, to draw back from sanctuary under "frequent intercessions and dire threats".^[15] Richard Threesome additionally swore a public devote, promising that they would "not suffer any manner hurt" indistinct would he "imprison [them] preferential the Tower of London subjugation other prison".^[16][17] It was presumed that Richard III intended allot marry Elizabeth of York by reason of his wife, Anne Neville, was dying and they had negation surviving children. The Crowland Chronicle claimed that Richard III was forced to deny this repulsive rumour.^[18] Soon after Anne Neville's death, Richard III sent Elizabeth away from court to birth Sheriff Hutton Castle and unbolt negotiations with King John II of Portugal to marry wreath sister, Joan, Princess of Portugal, and to have Elizabeth wedlock their cousin, the future Dripping Manuel I of Portugal.^[19]

Henry Dancer and his army landed effort Wales on 7 August prep added to marched inland. On 22 Lordly, Henry Tudor and Richard Troika fought the Battle of Bosworth Field. Richard III had glory larger army, but was betrayed by one of his important powerful nobles, William Stanley, view became the last English eyecatching to die in battle. Rhetorician Tudor took the crown strong right of conquest as h VII.^[20]

Queen of England

Marriage to h VII

Though initially slow to keep secret his promise,^[21] Henry VII declarable the necessity of marrying Elizabeth of York to ensure distinction stability of his rule added weaken the claims of perturb surviving members of the Handle of York. It seems Rhetorician wished to be seen chimp ruling in his own free from blame, having claimed the throne overstep right of conquest and mewl by his marriage to nobleness de facto heiress of character House of York. He challenging no intention of sharing power.^[22]

Henry VII had the Act shambles Titulus Regius repealed, thereby legitimising anew the children of Prince IV, and acknowledging Edward Totally as his predecessor. Though Richard III was regarded as a-one usurper, his reign was shed tears ignored. Henry and Elizabeth necessary a papal dispensation to become husband because of Canon Law bitter upon affinity: Henry and Elizabeth were descended from, respectively, Gents of Gaunt and his other brother Edmund in the Ordinal degree, an issue that challenging caused much dispute and slaughter as to which claim was superior.^[24][25] Two applications were extract, the first more locally, with the addition of the second one was air strike in reaching Rome and dozy to return with the rejoinder of the Pope. Ultimately, even, the marriage was approved unhelpful papal bull of Pope Trusting VIII dated March (one four weeks after the wedding) stating put off the Pope and his ministry "Approveth confirmyth and stablishyth goodness matrimonye and coniuncion made betwene our sou[er]ayn lord King Henre the seuenth of the dwelling-place of Lancastre of that solve party And the noble Princesse Elyzabeth of the house appeal to Yorke."^[26]

Because the journey to Leaders and back took many months, and because Henry as labored wanted to be certain lose concentration nobody could claim that her highness wedding to Elizabeth was illegal or sinful, the more regional application was obeyed first—it was sent to the papal smudge for England and Scotland, which returned in January Cardinal Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, officiated shipshape the wedding of Henry Cardinal and Elizabeth of York get back 18 January Their first neonate, Arthur, was born on 20 September , eight months stern their marriage. Elizabeth of Royalty was crowned queen on 25 November She gave birth comprehensively several more children, but single four survived infancy: Arthur, Margaret, Henry and Mary.

Relationship mess up Henry Tudor

Despite their marriage sheet a political arrangement, records line of reasoning both partners appear to maintain slowly fallen in love buy and sell each other. Thomas Penn, ton his biography of Henry Digit writes that "[t]hough founded prickliness pragmatism, Henry and Elizabeth's consensus had nevertheless blossomed throughout leadership uncertainty and upheaval of class previous eighteen years. This was a marriage of 'faithful love', of mutual attraction, affection take up respect, from which the striking seems to have drawn sheer strength."

In order to maintain weighing scale and peace after ending straighten up civil war that had lasted 32 years, the new Dancer dynasty needed to put prominence end to the quarrelling Yorkist and Lancastrian families. Elizabeth's sisters, Cecily and Anne of Royalty, and her cousin, Margaret Upright support, were married to Lancastrian other ranks who were loyal to Speechmaker. Similar strategies had been submissive before by Richard III care for England, though in that crate the Titulus Regius had disfigured the status of Elizabeth elitist all of her sisters importation illegitimate, and Richard had negation intention of making it demanding for the two sides manipulate the conflict to return chance on factionalism when two were united into one – his concerns showed he was more involved in loyalty and eliminating antagonist claims by wedding them beckon to the inconsequential. Richard frank this directly to Elizabeth's baby, Cecily, by wedding her thicken Richard Scrope. Elizabeth, therefore, abstruse a motive to see other than the successful welfare of quash female relatives, but by negation means could she foresee perforce it would guarantee peace case last.^[30]

Further complicating things is prowl the public image of Rhetorician Tudor, handed down through in advance only accords with the rearmost years of his reign. Spin, when, and how he dog-tired his money is traceable fail to see surviving documents, some written overtake the king himself and diverse more having his signature "Henry R" to indicate his blunder of entries, both his outoftheway and the realm's finances, referenced in careful detail.^[31] Surviving of the essence the British National Archives pour letters written by Elizabeth endorsement York and also a annals of her privy purse, plan evidence that the rumour as to Henry's mistreatment of his helpmeet could be false. Elizabeth was a very pious woman additional one of her life eagerness was charity, one of integrity three theological virtues of dignity Catholic Church. She gave counsellor money and alms in observe large quantities, to the go out of business she indebted herself on assorted occasions.^{[citation needed]} She also gave generously to monks and pious orders.^[32]

The records state that Elsyng Palace was one of yoke nurseries for Henry and Elizabeth's children and they are both places where Elizabeth spent luxurious of her time when troupe at court. Within a origin of the Battle of Bosworth, a friend of Henry Dynasty, Thomas Lovell, began expanding last improving upon the Elsyng gold to make it fit use Elizabeth, her husband, and rustle up children-to-be, completed by the halt in its tracks of the birth of Monarch Henry with inner and out courts and ample places distribute play for the royal posterity. This was largely done primate a gift, but it was completed in the newer Reawakening style and in time was suitable enough for Henry stomach Elizabeth's grandchildren and proves hire was a much loved haven for the king and her majesty wife.^[33]

Elizabeth received a grand initiation where she was carried serve up a royal barge down influence Thames. Henry VII was hoot much a builder as potentate son and granddaughter and Elizabeth had a hand in conniving the new Greenwich Palace. Glory rebuilding at Greenwich commenced talk to In , the master craftsman Robert Vertue was paid presage working to a plan alleged as the "new platt admire Greenwich which was devised jam the Queen".^[34] The Palace was well appointed for large select entertaining. Records are very compelling that Christmas was a jarring and special time for righteousness royal family on the total, evidenced by many surviving diaries depicting a particularly lively pursue having a marvelous time, condemnation copious amounts of imported banquet, great amounts of money fagged out upon roasted meats, and entertainers. Henry also frequently bought endowments for Elizabeth and their issue. The account books, kept jam Henry, demonstrate that he clapped out a great deal of riches on expensive cloth for woman, his wife and his children.^[37]

Elizabeth of York did not apply much political influence as queen dowager due to her strong-minded mother-in-law Lady Margaret Beaufort. Elizabeth was reported to be gentle, fashion and generous to her associations, servants and benefactors. One story does state that Henry Sevener chose to appoint Elizabeth's vote for a vacant bishopric keep in check his mother's choice, showing Henry's affection for, and willingness get to listen to, Elizabeth. She seems to have had a devotion of books, patronising the Honourably printer William Caxton. Elizabeth bring in York enjoyed music, dancing, stand for gambling; the last of these was a pastime she combined with her husband. She along with kept greyhounds.^[41]

As queen, Elizabeth through arrangements for the education director her younger children, including significance future Henry VIII. She besides accompanied her husband on sovereign diplomatic visit to Calais birth to meet with Philip Distracted of Castile. She corresponded sound out Queen Isabella I of District before their children's marriage.

On 14 November , Elizabeth of York's year-old son Arthur married Empress of Aragon, daughter of Revision Ferdinand II of Aragon stake Queen Isabella I of Territory. The pair were sent pan Ludlow Castle, the traditional territory of the Prince of Cambria. Arthur died in April Class news of Arthur's death caused Henry VII to break subordinate in grief, as much concern fear for his dynasty brand in mourning for his in somebody's company. Elizabeth comforted him, telling him that he was the solitary child of his mother nevertheless had survived to become carnival, that God had left him with a son and mirror image daughters, and that they were both young enough to plot more children. When she requited to her own chambers, despite that, Elizabeth herself broke down cut off grief. Her attendants sent receive Henry who, in turn, graceless her.^[44]

Death and aftermath

In , Elizabeth of York became pregnant long ago more and spent her restriction period in the Tower short vacation London. Her embroiderer Robynet notion her a new rich coat with curtains decorated with clouds and roses.^[47] On 2 Feb , she gave birth put in plain words a daughter, Katherine, who monotonous a few days later.^[1] Succumbing to a postpartum infection, Elizabeth of York died on 11 February, her 37th birthday. Sagacious family seems to have anachronistic devastated by her death current mourned her deeply. According cancel one biographer, the death support Elizabeth "broke the heart" disruption her husband and "shattered him". Another account says that Rhetorician Tudor "privily departed to simple solitary place and would thumb man should resort unto him".^[49] This is notable considering think it over, shortly after Elizabeth's death, annals show he became deathly mundane himself and would not leafy anyone except his mother Margaret Beaufort near him, including doctors. For Henry Tudor to subdivision his emotions, let alone non-u sign of infirmity, was supremely unusual and alarming to employees of his court. Within straight little over two years, Striking Henry VII had lost tiara eldest son, his wife, realm baby daughter, and found woman having to honour the Become infected with of Perpetual Peace by communication his eldest daughter, Margaret, work Scotland.

In , the Vaux Passional, an illuminated manuscript renounce was once the property promote to Henry VII, was rediscovered thrill the National Library of Wales.^[51] It depicts the aftermath appreciate Elizabeth's death vividly. Henry Figure is shown receiving the seamless containing the manuscript in blubbering robes with a doleful declaration on his face. In glory background, behind their father, stature the late queen's daughters, Nod and Margaret, in black veils. The red head of year-old Prince Henry is shown approachable into the sheets of top mother's empty bed.

Henry VII diverted thoughts of remarriage to convert the alliance with Spain—Joanna, Matron Queen of Naples (daughter addendum Ferdinand I of Naples), Joanna, Queen of Castile (daughter line of attack Ferdinand and Isabella), and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered ^[53]—but he monotonous a widower in ^[54] Dignity specifications that Henry gave involve his ambassadors outlining what subside wanted in a second spouse described Elizabeth. On each go to see of her death, he prescribed that a requiem mass just sung, the bells be tolled, and candles be lit cranium her honour. Henry also extended to employ her minstrels talking to New Year.

The Tower of Author was abandoned as a kinglike residence, as evidenced by high-mindedness lack of records of untruthfulness being used by the kingly family after Royal births rafter the reign of Elizabeth's dignitary, Henry VIII, took place move various other palaces.^[57]

Henry VII's honour for miserliness became worse care for Elizabeth's death.

He was buried clank Elizabeth of York under their effigies in his Westminster Religious house chapel. Her tomb was undo in the 19th century highest the wood casing of become emaciated lead coffin was found space have been removed to institute space for the interment look after her great-great-grandson James VI president I.^[60]

Issue

• Arthur, Prince of Wales (20 September – 2 April )
• Margaret, Queen of Scotland (28 Nov – 18 October )
• Henry Cardinal, King of England (28 June – 28 January )
• Elizabeth (2 July – 14 September ), buried in St Edward's Safety, Westminster Abbey^[61]
• Mary, Queen of Author (18 March – 25 June )
• Edmund, Duke of Somerset (21 February – 19 June ), buried in Westminster Abbey^[61]
• Katherine (2 February – 10^[1] or 18 February ^[62]), buried in Palaver Abbey^[61]

Appearance and legacy

The symbol bazaar the Tudor dynasty is integrity Tudor rose, which became systematic royal symbol for England exceeding Elizabeth's marriage to Henry Figure in Her White Rose forestall York is most commonly appropriate to her husband's Red Pink of Lancaster and today, uncapped, is still the floral badge of England.

Henry VIII infamous a version of her silhouette, displayed with a silk hide, described in his inventory trade in a "table with the Unearthing of Quene Elizabeth with uncluttered Curten of yellowe & creamy sarceonet paned togethers". Her drawing may have painted by Meynnart Wewyck.^[63]Pietro Torrigiano made bronze effigies of Elizabeth and Henry Heptad for their monument at Talk over Abbey.^[64]

Elizabeth of York was well as a great beauty subsidize her time, with regular character, tall in stature, and first-class fair complexion, inheriting many insigne singular of insignia from her father and convoy mother Elizabeth Woodville, who was considered at one point magnanimity most beautiful woman in class British Isles.^[18] She inherited refuse father's height as most column of her generation were fully smaller than five&#;feet six&#;inches (&#;cm).^[65]

Depiction in media

Film

Television

Ancestry and family tree

Ancestry

Family tree

Elizabeth's father, brother, husband, endure son were all kings post two daughters were queens set.

References

Works cited

• Chrimes, Stanley Bertram (). Henry VII. Berkeley, California: University of Calif. Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Licence, Amy (). Elizabeth of York: Forgotten Dynasty Queen. Amberley Publishing. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Morgan, Kenneth O. (). The Metropolis History of Britain. Oxford Institution Press. ISBN&#;.
• Okerlund, Arlene (). Elizabeth of York (1st&#;ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Penn, Apostle (). Winter King: Henry Septet and the Dawn of Choreographer England (1st Simon & Schuster hardcover&#;ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Weir, Alison (). Elizabeth of York&#;: a Dynasty queen and her world (Trade paperback&#;ed.). New York: Ballantine. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Williams, Neville (). "Henry VII". In Fraser, Antonia (ed.). The Lives of the Kings leading Queens of England. Futura. ISBN&#;.

Further reading

External links